The Battle of Verdun and The Battle of The Somme Essay Example For Students

The Battle of Verdun and The Battle of The Somme Essay History 82/4/01The battle of Verdun and the battle of the Somme are two very important battles. They both took place in France, and were fought in the same year, 1916. The first battle was the battle of Verdun. It was fought near an ancient Roman fortress that was sacred to the French. The Germans chose this spot because they thought that if it were destroyed, the French would lose confidence. (Strokesbury, p.142) The second battle was the battle of the Somme. It was fought on the Somme River. The French chose the Somme as a chief battlefield for 1916. However, the French did little but assist the British in the battle of the Somme. (Heyman, p. We will write a custom essay on The Battle of Verdun and The Battle of The Somme specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 40)The battle of Verdun began in February and lasted until the end of the year. Each attack made by the Germans hurt their army almost as much as it hurt the French army. Much of the fighting was done by heavy artillery. (Heyman, p. 19) In fact, there was an overall sum of 542 heavy guns used in the battle. Thirteen of them were 420mm howitzers and seventeen were 305mm howitzers. These howitzers were devastating to the other troops. (Keegan, p. 279)The Germans plan was actually quite simple. The French did not want to lose Verdun and they would send as many troops as needed to defend it. The Germans focused a great deal of troops and artillery on this battle. No matter how many troops the French sent in, they would not be able to put up a good fight, but if they stopped the Germans would surely destroy Verdun, and for the French, losing Verdun was not an option. They were trapped. They did not want to lose Verdun and they did not want to lose their troops. (Keegan, p.279)On February 21st the German troops moved in, but the German infantry did not attack in great strength. The idea of the operation was that heavy artillery would destroy the French defenses that would then be finished off by infantrymen. If the Germans did attack in full strength, they may have succeeded in advancing eight miles towards the fort.It was extremely hard to get supplies to Verdun. French general Philippe Ptain found several ways to get supplies to the fort. 0ne of those ways was improving the road to the fort developing continuing flow of supply trucks. (Heyman, p.19) On June 22, a new attack by the Germans began. It was followed by a bombardment of shells, on the French artillery lines. These shells contained a new deadly gas called Green Cross. Green Cross was an improved form of chlorine that could not be stopped by the French gasmasks. The artillery lines that where attacked contained 600 guns. Thats one third of the French artillery at Verdun. Robbed of their protection, the French had no defense against the Alpenkorps, an elite division of mountain troops made up of Bavarian guard and German infantry. Among the German infantry officers was Lieutenant Paulus, the future Commander of the Sixth Army at Staligrad. (Keegan, p.285)By the end of June, over two million men had been killed and wounded on each side. The landscape had been permanently altered by artillery shells. (Keegan, p.285) Nearly 400,000 French soldiers were killed. The Germans lost 340,000 soldiers. The French had lost more than the Germans, since they started out with only one third as many men than the Germans had. On July 11th, the Germans made one last attempt to take Verdun. They surprisingly managed to reach Fort Souville, but from there the attack was beaten off. (Keegan, p. .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd , .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .postImageUrl , .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd , .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:hover , .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:visited , .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:active { border:0!important; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:active , .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61c96f2e75cd76acda533fb4a3f7a7fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prostitution Should it be legal misc Essay285)At the start of October the French attempted to take back the ground they lost. On October 24th the French recaptured Douaumont. By December 15th the French had regained much of the ground on the east bank that had been lost at the beginning of the battle. (Keegan, p. 285)Mean while another battle had already begun, The Battle of the Somme. The Battle of the Somme began July 1st, 1916. General Haig of the British army hoped that his forces would break through German defenses, and enter an open field. There

What is history of america 1845 essays

What is history of america 1845 essays Citizenship means someone who has a stake in the nation and responsibilities to it, who must support it, with taxes and defend it during wartime, who is represented and respected; who can participate in the decision making process by voting, and who has a right to be protected by its government Unfortunately, according to some there were individuals who did not deserve this privilege. Between 1607-1864 there was always controversy on who was allowed to be citizen. In 1607 England ruled and as time went on colonist began to break away, they didnt want to pay the taxes England was forcing them to pay. They felt they could do better on their own and broke away from the English government. The American Revolution was the outcome and as a result elite white men who owned property and paid taxes thought they were the only ones who deserved the privilege of citizenship, but this left out 70% of the population; which included non elite white males, Indians, African Americans and Women. In the following paragraphs I hope you will see the struggles that these groups went through and show you if they ever became citizens. Non elite white males had to gain land if they wanted citizenship and to be able to pay taxes, this qualification made the process difficult. May poor white men were Indentured servants, in 1607 who never got to escape from the poverty they had sought, half of them died before every receiving the land they were promised. With the requirement for citizenship being to have land and pay taxes how would this be on an indentured servants or poor farmers salary. The Fundamental Constitution of 1667 showed us that only rich have voting rights, and citizenship. Poor whites had no rights and to gain citizenship you had to owned land. With this as an requirement the poor white where out of luck, it was impossible for them to acquire land. This made it impossible for hard working Americans to become citizens. ...